An election was held in Spain on 9 June 2024 as part of the EU-wide election to elect the 10th European Parliament. All 61 seats allocated to the Spanish constituency as per the Treaty of Lisbon and the 2023 Council Decision establishing the composition of the European Parliament were up for election.
The election resulted in a victory for the opposition People's Party (PP), albeit short of the landslide victory that opinion polls had predicted a few weeks before the vote. At 34.2% and 22 seats, this was an increase of 14 percentage points and 9 seats from its 2019 performance. The ruling Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), with third deputy prime minister Teresa Ribera as its lead candidate, held its own by scoring 30.2% and 20 seats, a drop of less than three points and one seat to its 2019 result. Far-right Vox increased its count by three points and two seats to just below 10% and 6, whereas the left-wing vote split between Yolanda DÃÂaz's Sumar alliance and former minister Irene Montero's Podemos. The election was notable for the surprise performance of social media polemicist Alvise Pérez's right-wing Se Acabó La Fiesta (Spanish for "The Party is Over"), which scored in sixth place just below Sumar. Left-wing nationalist Ahora Repúblicas roughly maintained its share and seats from the 2019 election, whereas Carles Puigdemont's Together and Free for Europe (Junts UE) and the peripheral nationalist Coalition for a Solidary Europe (CEUS) saw large drops in support. The vote for liberal Citizens (Cs), which had peaked at 12.2% and 8 seats in the previous election, collapsed to 0.7%, losing all of its parliamentary representation.
The aftermath of the election saw the resignation of Yolanda DÃÂaz as Sumar's leader over her alliance's disappointing results and in Vox leaving the European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) to join Viktor Orbán's new Patriots for Europe grouping.
Voting for the European Parliament in Spain was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals and resident non-national European citizens over 18 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political rights, provided that they were not sentencedâÂÂby a final court rulingâÂÂto deprivation of the right to vote. Amendments to the electoral law in 2022 abolished the "begged" voting system (), under which non-resident citizens were required to apply for voter registration before being permitted to vote. The expat vote system was attributed responsibility for a major decrease in the turnout of Spaniards abroad during the years it had been in force.
61 Parliament seats were allocated to Spain as per the Treaty of Lisbon and subsequent acts. All members were elected in a single multi-member constituencyâÂÂcomprising the entire national territoryâÂÂusing the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional voting system, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. The use of the electoral method resulted in an effective threshold based on the district magnitude and the distribution of votes among candidacies.
The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacated seats; instead, any vacancies that occurred after the proclamation of candidates and into the legislative term were to be covered by the successive candidates in the list and, when required, by the designated substitutes.
The table below shows the composition of the Spanish delegation in the chamber at the time of the election call.
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, alliances and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officialsâÂÂdeputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates. Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition.
Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:
<noinclude>The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.
The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font.</noinclude>
The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.
The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.
The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a European Parliament election taking place.
The table below lists opinion polling on candidate preferences.
The table below shows registered vote turnout on election day without including voters from the Census of Absent-Residents (CERA).
The following table lists the elected legislators: