There were three special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 2023 during the 118th United States Congress.
|- ! | | | 2016 | data-sort-value=2023-02-21 | Incumbent won reelection, but died November 28, 2022 at the end of the previous Congress.<br>New member elected February 21, 2023.<br>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | | | 2010 | data-sort-value=2023-11-07 | Incumbent resigned May 31, 2023.<br>New member elected November 7, 2023.<br>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | | | 2012 | data-sort-value=2023-11-21 | Incumbent resigned September 15, 2023.<br>New member elected November 21, 2023.<br>Republican hold. | nowrap |
Incumbent Democrat Donald McEachin died on November 28, 2022, of colorectal cancer, before he was seated to his fourth term in the 118th Congress. Governor Glenn Youngkin called a special election for February 21, 2023, with the general election filing deadline set for December 23, 2022. The Democratic Party chose to hold its "firehouse primary" on December 20, just 8 days after the special election date was set.
State senator Jennifer McClellan won the primary in a landslide, and subsequently defeated pastor Leon Benjamin in the general election, becoming the first black woman to represent Virginia in Congress.
Incumbent Democrat David Cicilline resigned on May 31, 2023, to take a job at the Rhode Island Foundation. The election was held on November 7, with primaries on September 5.
Incumbent Republican Chris Stewart resigned on September 15, 2023, due to his wife's ongoing health issues. The election was held on November 21, 2023, with primaries on September 5, as determined by Governor Spencer Cox.