Presidential elections were held in the Czech Republic in January 2018. The first round took place on 12 and 13 January. As no candidate won a majority, a run-off election between the top two candidates, Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ and President Miloà ¡ Zeman, was held on 26 and 27 January 2018.
In the first round, voters chose between nine candidates who qualified for the elections either by gathering 50,000 signatures from the public, 10 signatures from Senators or 20 signatures from members of the Chamber of Deputies (MPs). Incumbent president Miloà ¡ Zeman, running for re-election for his second and last term, finished first with 38.57%, followed by former president of the Czech Academy of Sciences Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, who received 26.60%.
In the second round, Miloà ¡ Zeman narrowly defeated Drahoà ¡ and was elected for a second term in office. Voter turnout was 66.60%, the highest since the 1998 legislative elections.
Former prime minister Miloà ¡ Zeman was elected as President of the Czech Republic in 2013, defeating Minister of Foreign Affairs Karel Schwarzenberg in the country's first direct presidential elections. Until 2012, all presidential elections in the Czech Republic were indirect, with the president being chosen by the Parliament of the Czech Republic.
According to polls conducted in 2016, Zeman was the front-runner and his chances of re-election were considered high, although it was speculated that Zeman's candidacy would be determined by his health. Zeman announced his candidacy on 9 March 2017. There was speculation that both the Social Democrats (ÃÂSSD) and ANO may endorse Zeman, but neither party did in the end. Some commentators speculated that Zeman could be elected in the first round.
On 23 August 2017, the Speaker of the Senate announced that the first round would be held on 12 and 13 January 2018, with a second round being held on 26 and 27 January 2018, if required. The deadline for nominating candidates was scheduled for 7 November 2017.
In order to qualify for the ballot, candidates must gather 50,000 signatures from citizens, or the support of twenty Deputies or ten Senators. The candidates must file their applications and signatures 66 days before the election, following which the Interior Ministry will verify a sample of the signatures.
19 candidates submitted themselves as candidates. Only nine of them met requirements for registration and became official candidates: Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, Pavel Fischer, Petr Hannig, Marek Hilà ¡er, Michal HoráÃÂek, Jià ÂàHynek, Vratislav Kulhánek, Mirek Topolánek and Miloà ¡ Zeman.
Nine candidates gathered the required number of signatures and had their candidacy approved by the Ministry of the Interior. Candidates are listed according to number allocated by the Ministry.
Unlike the presidential election in 2013, no major political parties nominated an official candidate. This was attributed to the increasing distrust of political parties among voters. The established major political parties, such as ÃÂSSD, ODS, TOP 09, and KDU-ÃÂSL, were reluctant to risk being defeated in the presidential election, while the protest parties, SPD and ANO, were broadly supportive of Zeman. Opposition parties were also wary of official endorsements of other candidates. In contrast, marginal parties such as Suverenita, Pravý blok, DSSS, and SPOZ nominated candidates to become more visible.
In the first round, Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ ran with the support of the Christian and Democratic Union â Czechoslovak People's Party and Mayors and Independents. Miloà ¡ Zeman ran with the support of Freedom and Direct Democracy and the Party of Civic Rights (SPO). On the day before the vote, ANO leader Andrej Babià ¡ also endorsed Zeman. In addition, Topolánek was endorsed by centre-right ODS and the Freeholder Party.
Parties which did not issue any official endorsement included the Party of Free Citizens (SvobodnÃÂ), TOP 09, the Green Party, the Moravians party, the Communist Party, and the Czech Pirate Party, though several individual politicians endorsed candidates privately. The Social Democrats experienced an internal split over which candidate to endorse, leading to no official party endorsement, but different groups within the party endorsing either Zeman, or Drahoà ¡.
In the second round, Drahoà ¡ received further endorsements from ODS and TOP 09.
Senator ZdenÃÂk à  kromach was the first candidate to announce his intention to run, in 2015. In response, TomÃ¡à ¡ HalÃÂk announced that he would run for president if à  kromach did. This led former president Václav Klaus to announce that he would run against HalÃÂk if he was running without a strong rival. à  kromach, HalÃÂk and Klaus all finally declined to run.
On 21 May 2016, former minister Michael Kocáb issued the "KromÃÂà ÂÃÂà ¾ Proclamation", with the intention of finding a strong candidate to run against Zeman. Kocáb suggested Michal HoráÃÂek, who declined the movement's support but did not rule out running. HoráÃÂek mentioned his possible candidacy in April 2016 and some polls indicated that he would be the strongest possible contender to Zeman.
Marek Hilà ¡er launched his campaign in July 2016, with the slogan: "Marek to the Castle." He said he would finance his presidential campaign through a transparent account. Hilà ¡er has negative opinions of Russia and China, and also supports helping immigrants.
Michal HoráÃÂek officially launched his campaign on 3 November 2016. A week earlier he had moderated a meeting at Old Town Square, which was considered to be the actual start of his campaign as it was meant to coincide with official celebrations of Czech Statehood Day. HoráÃÂek stated that he wanted his campaign to be based on respect for all people and all opinions. He also said that he believed he could win in the first round. TOP 09, STAN and KDU-ÃÂSL were considering supporting HoráÃÂek before his campaign started, but none of them did in the end. HoráÃÂek also entered into a dispute with TOP 09.
On 21 December 2016, Institute for Democracy 21 launched an interactive web game to choose a presidential candidate. Everyone who voted was allowed to cast three positive votes and one negative vote. Jià ÂàPánek started as the winning candidate, despite having ruled himself out of running. As of April 2017, Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ is leading the game.
It was reported in January 2017 that Czech political parties had decided to cease preparations for the election until Zeman announced whether he was seeking re-election. Zeman discussed his possible candidacy with close colleagues on 31 January. One of them stated that Zeman was likely to run for re-election, and would announce his decision on 9 March 2017.
On 9 February 2017 HoráÃÂek announced his team of his advisers, including Magda VÃ¡à ¡Ã¡ryová, Dana Drábová and Pavel Pefko. In response, Zeman said that HoráÃÂek "never says what he thinks. His advisers will talk instead of him." Zeman attended the SPO Congress on 11 February 2017, at which SPO leader Jan Veleba assured Zeman that the party would support his reelection campaign if he decided to run. Zeman visited hospital for a preventive examination after the congress.
On 9 March, the KromÃÂà ÂÃÂà ¾ Proclamation started gathering signatures for Marek Hilà ¡er and Petr Koláà Â.
Zeman announced his candidacy on 9 March during a meeting with his supporters, and confirmed his decision the next day in a press conference, saying that he had been persuaded by the support of the people. He commented that he did not consider himself the favourite in the election, and also said he would not run a political campaign, attack his rivals, or participate in debates, but would gather the 50,000 signatures required to qualify for the presidential ballot. He also announced that he would appear in a television programme called A week with the President. Michal HoráÃÂek criticised Zeman's decision not to participate in presidential debates.
On 13 March, Karel à  togl, a former member of ÃÂSSD who still has links with the party, announced his intention to run and began seeking parliamentary support for his nomination.
Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, former president of the Czech Academy of Sciences, announced his candidacy on 28 March 2017. Drahoà ¡ said he did not want to be the official candidate of any party, but some party leaders expressed their intention to endorse him. Petr GazdÃÂk, the leader of Mayors and Independents, described Drahoà ¡ as a great candidate and rival to Zeman, and said he believed he could convince his party to support Drahoà ¡. The leaders of TOP 09 and KDU-ÃÂSL also said they were considering supporting him. ODS leader Petr Fiala refused to comment on Drahoà ¡'s candidacy but acknowledged him to be a dignified candidate. Leader of ANO Andrej Babià ¡ said that he considered Drahoà ¡ a respectable person but noted that Drahoà ¡ did not want the support of any party. In response to the announcement, Zeman's spokesman Jià ÂàOvÃÂáÃÂek described Drahoà ¡ as "just a product of PR". He added that in his view the Czech Republic needed "a president who will stand by people in situations such as the migration crisis", not just "a yes man who can deliver empty speeches". Michal HoráÃÂek said that Drahoà ¡ would be a candidate of political parties and would have to return their support. Drahoà ¡ met journalists at the National Technical Library on 30 March 2017. He described himself as an independent candidate who supports the European Union and NATO, and also stated that he would reject a government that included the Communist Party. He also announced plans to gather 50,000 signatures instead of being nominated by lawmakers.
On 16 April 2017, Michal HoráÃÂek started gathering signatures, saying that he believed he could collect the required number within a matter of weeks.
The Party of Civic Rights (SPO) began Zeman's presidential campaign, under the slogan "Zeman again!" The campaign included some of Zeman's close colleagues, though Zeman himself had stated that he would not campaign. First lady Ivana Zemanová was named head of Zeman's campaign team. SPO started gathering signatures on 24 April 2017.
Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ also started gathering signatures on 24 April 2017, with approximately 500 volunteers. Drahoà ¡ also announced that his spokeswoman would be Lenka PastorÃÂáková, a journalist for Czech Television.
On 6 May 2017, HoráÃÂek announced that he had gathered between 47,000 and 52,000 signatures, with the help of 2,500 supporters. By the same day Marek Hilà ¡er had reached 2,000 signatures.
Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka announced on 16 May 2017 that ÃÂSSD would most likely nominate its own candidate for the election instead of supporting Zeman, due to his actions during the government crisis in May 2017. Zeman's spokesman Jià ÂàOvÃÂáÃÂek responded that this was not a surprise because Sobotka had always been lobbying to prevent Zeman's re-election. According to some ÃÂSSD sources, the purpose of fielding a ÃÂSSD candidate would not be to win the election but to weaken Zeman. Some political scientists speculated that Zeman's actions during the crisis could discourage voters from voting him and damage his chances for reelection. On 25 May 2017, Sobotka mentioned Minister of Foreign Affairs LubomÃÂr Zaorálek and Senate Speaker Milan à  tÃÂch as possible candidates, adding that ÃÂSSD may decide on a candidate in Summer 2017. Opinion polls conducted after the crisis by Median indicated that Zeman's ratings had dropped by 2%. The same poll also showed Drahoà ¡ as Zeman's main rival.
In May 2017, during a visit to China, Miloà ¡ Zeman was visibly tired and required assistance from his security detail to walk. His spokesman Jià ÂàOvÃÂáÃÂek attributed this to his demanding program, including ten days of work without any time to rest. His tiredness was also visible at the subsequent NATO summit, when Zeman was absent for speeches by political leaders such as Donald Trump, Jens Stoltenberg, and Angela Merkel, during which he would have been required to stand. These events revived speculation about Zeman's health, with some commentators speculating that Zeman may withdraw from the election. Zeman's doctors said that his program was too exhausting and recommended that Zeman rest for one or two weeks. Zeman adjusted his program as a result.
On 26 May 2017, Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ launched his campaign at a meeting in Opava. He visited employees of a local factory and some retirement homes. On 30 May Drahoà ¡ was endorsed by Miroslav Kalousek, leader of TOP 09, though the party itself did not officially endorse him. Drahoà ¡ was expected to receive the support of the Populars and Mayors coalition (KDU-ÃÂSL and Mayors and Independents).
On 1 June 2017, HoráÃÂek's spokesman Jià ÂàTáborský announced that HoráÃÂek had collected the required number of signatures to stand in the election, but would keep collecting. At the same time Zeman had collected 18,000 signatures, Drahoà ¡ had collected 20,000, and Marek Hilà ¡er had collected 5,000. HoráÃÂek had been collecting signatures at a rate of 1,000 per day, Zeman and Drahoà ¡ at 500 per day, and Hilà ¡er at 160 per day. HoráÃÂek had 448 signing posts, Zeman 223, Drahoà ¡ 230 and Hilà ¡er 14. By 5 June 2017, Drahoà ¡ had gathered 25,000 signatures. On 10 June 2017, Karel à  togl announced that he had the support of ten senators, including ÃÂSSD senator Jan Hajda. Hajda refused to comment on à  togl's statement.
On 26 June 2017, HoráÃÂek announced his intention to gather signatures for Drahoà ¡ and Hilà ¡er, in order to "make the democratic environment better". Drahoà ¡, who had gathered 30,000 signatures to that point, refused HoráÃÂek's help, while Hilà ¡er accepted it.
Vratislav Kulhánek announced his candidacy on 29 June 2017, as the candidate of the Civic Democratic Alliance (ODA), which would collect signatures on his behalf. ODA leader Pavel Sehnal said that Kulhánek was a right-wing candidate, which was something missing in the election. Zeman said that he did not know Kulhánek well but remembered him as a successful manager of à  koda Auto, adding that he had no problem with Kulhánek's candidacy because he believed that it was better to have more candidates.
On 1 July 2017, HoráÃÂek started working with Ewig Public Relations agency, to help with his campaign. On 4 July, the leaders of KDU-ÃÂSL and STAN announced that they would recommend that their parties support Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡. Petr Hannig, leader of far-right party RozumnÃÂ, announced his candidacy on 19 July 2017. He was endorsed by other far-right parties such as National Democracy. Hannig said that he wanted to continue with Zeman's policies but behave differently.
By 20 July 2017, HoráÃÂek had gathered 65,000 signatures, Zeman 43,000 signatures, Drahoà ¡ 35,000 signatures, Hilà ¡er 10,000 signatures (not including signatures gathered by HoráÃÂek) and Kulhánek 5,000 signatures. Another prospective candidate, Jaroslav Kubera, had gathered the signatures of 15 Senators, enabling him to be nominated if he decided to run.
On 10 August, SPO leader Jan Veleba announced that Zeman had enough signatures to stand in the election. Hilà ¡er had 15,000 signatures at that point, and Drahoà ¡ stated that he would reach the required number of signatures sometime in August or September 2017. On 16 August, Ivana Zemanová announced that Zeman had collected 59,263 signatures. Drahoà ¡ had at the time over 40,000 signatures. On 19 August 2017, Drahoà ¡ announced he had collected 78,321 signatures.
On 21 August, the Realists announced Jià ÂàHynek as their candidate. The party started to gather signatures for his candidacy, and also to ask MPs for support. Hynek said that some MPs had already promised to support him.
On 24 August, Zeman appeared in public for the first time in two months, to launch the Agrosalon Earth Breadwinner. His spokesman OvÃÂáÃÂek told journalists that Zeman's health was not a problem. Zeman criticized EU subsidies for decreasing milk production, which he described as an "atrocity".
On 30 August, Businessman VladimÃÂr Boà ¡tÃÂk announced his candidacy, saying that he had already gathered 63,000 signatures. His campaign motto was "A boy from a village wants to conquer Prague Castle.
On 24 September, Drahoà ¡ announced he had gathered 100,000 signatures. HoráÃÂek had 80,000 signatures and Hilà ¡er 30,000 signatures. Kulhánek announced that he did not have enough signatures and started to seek support from MPs.
On 4 October, Pavel Fischer announced his candidacy, adding that he had gathered the signatures of 10 senators, allowing him to run. Fischer announced his candidacy on Václav Havel's birthday, and said that he would like to be a president similar to Havel. On 10 October, Drahoà ¡ called on the incoming government to draw up a plan for the adoption of the Euro currency.
On 13 October, Drahoà ¡ announced that he would stop gathering new signatures; by 15 October he had gathered 110,000 signatures. However, he continued collecting for almost a month longer. On 17 October Jià ÂàHynek announced that he had submitted his nomination with the signatures of 22 MPs. Hynek said that he had gathered 15,000 signatures from the public, but he had started gathering them too late. On 18 October Kulhánek announced that he had been nominated by 23 MPs, and submitted his nomination on the same day. By 26 October, Petr Hannig had received the support of 20 MPs. Mayors and Independents endorsed Drahoà ¡ on 31 October, and called for other parties to do the same.
Terezie Holovská announced her candidacy on 2 November, asking 44 female MPs for nomination. Marek Hilà ¡er announced he had received nominations from 11 senators. Drahoà ¡ submitted his nomination on 3 November, with 142,000 signatures.
On 4 November, media started to speculate that former Czech Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek could run for the office. Some media reported that Topolánek had asked Senators of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) for support and also discussed his candidacy with the leader of the party. On 5 November, Topolánek confirmed his candidacy, stating that he was seeking the support of Senators from all parties. Some Civic Democrat politicians endorsed his candidacy. Leader of ANO Andrej Babià ¡ attacked Topolánek, describing him as the most corrupt Czech Prime Minister. Topolánek's candidacy was also criticised by Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, who commented that Topolánek represented the same thing as Zeman - rudeness and lack of respect for his opponents. He called Topolánek's candidacy a "bad joke". By 6 November Topolánek had gathered enough signatures to run. ODS endorsed Topolánek on the same day. Some media commentators and political scientists predicted that he could become the main rival to Zeman. Topolánek quickly became the third strongest candidate, overtaking Michal HoráÃÂek in opinion polls.
On 6 November, Zeman submitted his nomination, with 113,038 signatures. Zeman denied speculation about his health and refused to comment on his rivals.
Nominations were closed on 7 November 2017. 19 candidates submitted their nominations in time, but on 10 November the Interior Ministry announced that only nine candidates met the requirements for the nomination: Miloà ¡ Zeman, Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, Mirek Topolánek, Michal HoráÃÂek, Vratislav Kulhánek, Jià ÂàHynek, Petr Hannig, Pavel Fischer and Marek Hilà ¡er. The other candidates were disqualified for not meeting the nomination requirements.
Mirek Topolánek held a press conference on 7 November after nominations were closed, saying that he wanted to be a "strong, democratic and political candidate", adding that he had been motivated to stand by Zeman's meeting with Andrej Babià ¡ in Lány. He stated that "Zeman should go down in history as the Prime Minister who brought the Czech Republic into NATO rather than as a president who violated constitutional conventions". Topolánek also introduced his team, consisting of Dana MakrlÃÂková, Gabriela Kloudová, Dalibor Veà Âmià Âovský and Edvard Koà ¾uà ¡nÃÂk. Public relations expert Jakub Horák joined Topolánek's team on 9 November 2017. Horák had managed the successful campaign for the Pirate Party in the October 2017 legislative election.
After the nominations were closed, some constitutional lawyers noted that some Senators and MPs had nominated more than one candidate, which could be against the law. The Ministry of Internal Affairs had interpreted the law as allowing legislators to support more than one candidate, and published this interpretation online, which candidates and Senators then followed. Candidates at risk from the mistake by the Ministry included Topolánek, Hannig and Hynek. Jan Kysela commented that he doubted the court would disqualify these candidates, because they would be punishing them for a mistake that was made by someone else.
On 14 November, KDU-ÃÂSL endorsed Drahoà ¡. Some candidates appeared at the Festival of Freedom on 17 November to commemorate the Velvet Revolution. Drahoà ¡, Hilà ¡er and Fischer all made speeches, but organisers refused to allow Topolánek or Michal HoráÃÂek to take part, stating that they wanted to give a platform to candidates who were in accordance with the values of 17 November. This angered HoráÃÂek, who had been a direct participant in the events of 17 November 1989.
Terezie Holovská filed a lawsuit against the candidacies of Hannig, Hilà ¡er, Hynek, Kulhánek and Topolánek, arguing that they should be disqualified because some MPs and Senators had nominated more than one candidate. Holovská had previously sought nomination from MPs but failed to attract sufficient nominations and was disqualified.
Pavel Fischer launched his campaign on 30 November, with the slogan "I know how to do it". Fischer said he wanted to return the Czech Republic to the world map. Topolánek also launched his campaign on the same day, criticising Zeman's policies and calling for an active role in NATO and the EU. He said that "the Czech Republic needs someone who knows how to play hard". Topolánek rejected migrant quotas and adoption of the Euro, though he stated that there was no alternative to the European Union.
On 1 December, Drahoà ¡ expressed fears that Russia could influence the election, and met Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka to discuss the matter. He also expressed his belief that Russia influenced the 2017 legislative election. The Security Information Service (BIS) released a statement dismissing Drahoà ¡' claims. Zeman criticised Drahoà ¡ for spreading "conspiracy theories". Topolánek commented that Drahoà ¡ had shown he did not know much about politics, and called for a televised debate between him and Drahoà ¡, as that couldn't be manipulated by foreign propaganda. On 9 December, Zeman appeared at a Freedom and Direct Democracy (SPD) conference and received indirect support from the party.
On 13 December the Supreme Administrative Court rejected Holovská's lawsuit. The court confirmed that MPs and Senators could sign only one candidacy, but ruled that all candidates could participate in the election.
HoráÃÂek attacked the nomination of Communist MP to head the Permanent Commission of the Chamber of Deputies of oversight over the General Inspection of Security Forces. OndráÃÂek had been a member of the Communist police that attacked demonstrators in 1989. This led HoráÃÂek into a Twitter exchange with Topolánek, who also disagreed with OndráÃÂek's nomination but described HoráÃÂek's comments as "a theatre". He noted that OndráÃÂek used to be a member of a permanent commission with oversight over the BIS, which was more serious but had received no comment from HoráÃÂek. HoráÃÂek said that he was running to change things and attacked Topolánek for his past and for his links with former co-worker . He also noted that Topolánek had attended the birthday party of Zeman's aide . Topolánek called HoráÃÂek's argument "pathetic", and mentioned HoráÃÂek's involvement in the gambling business. OndráÃÂek was elected on 19 December.
Drahoà ¡ and Topolánek started attacking each other during December. Drahoà ¡ accused Topolánek's government of under-funding the Czech Academy of Sciences. Topolánek responded that the academy had 6 billions CZK during his government and cuts for its finances came after he left office. For his part, Topolánek attacked Drahoà ¡ over his statement that he would appoint a cabinet supported by the Communists and SPD, describing this as a U-turn, as Drahoà ¡ had previously stated the opposite.
On 15 December Pavel Fischer criticised Zeman for not participating in presidential debates. He sent him a public letter and wanted to meet with him for a head-to-head debate. He also said Zeman's presidential campaign was a "hybrid campaign", as though Zeman had stated that he wouldn't campaign, billboards promoting Zeman's campaign had appeared all over the country. Zeman's spokesman OvÃÂáÃÂek called Fischer "desperate". Fischer himself attracted controversy on 16 December when he stated that he would not appoint a homosexual as a judge to the Constitutional Court. He later apologised for his statement.
On 20 December Drahoà ¡' team published a post on social media about Václav Klaus's amnesty, which was criticised when it was revealed that Drahoà ¡' team had copied a similar post by HoráÃÂek. Drahoà ¡ apologised and attributed the mistake to an external creative. HoráÃÂek commented that it was not the first time Drahoà ¡ had copied his campaign.
In January, Czech Television started to broadcast spots of all candidates, except Zeman's who refused to make one. Marek Hilà ¡er attacked Zeman for not participating in debates, suggesting that the debates should feature an empty chair to remind viewers of Zeman's absence.
Mirek Topolánek launched the final phase of his campaign on 3 January, saying that he wanted to be a strong president who "would neither welcome EU migrant quotas, nor beckon to Eastern powers". He also attacked Miloà ¡ Zeman and Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡.
The campaign became more aggressive in the days leading up to the first round. Drahoà ¡ attacked Topolánek over funding for the Czech Academy of Sciences, accusing Topolánek of trying to destroy and defund the academy. Topolánek dismissed Drahoà ¡' accusation and stated that cut in funding for the academy took place after his premiership concluded, supporting his arguments with a graph. Topolánek then suggested that the academy's problems were due to Drahoà ¡' poor management skills. Drahoà ¡ disagreed. Topolánek attacked Drahoà ¡ over his campaign manager Jakub Kleindienst, due to his connection to past scandals via his involvement in a company with links to former Minister David Rath. Drahoà ¡ defended Kleindiest in interviews. Michal HoráÃÂek was accused of financing negative articles about his political rivals, which he denied. Pavel Fischer described HoráÃÂek's tactics as "dirty".
Pavel Fischer held a meeting with his supporters on 7 January 2017. His supporters started referring to his presidential campaign as a "Turquoise revolution". Fischer's supporters were very active on social media.
Before the first round, leaflets were distributed in the city of Ostrava containing false claims that Zeman, as the current president, would automatically progress to the second round of the election, so that his supporters would be absent during the first. Similar messages were also shared on social media. The Ostrava police investigated the matter as a criminal act.
During the first round, Miloà ¡ Zeman was confronted while preparing to cast his vote by a Ukrainian Femen protester who repeatedly screamed "Zeman, Putin's slut", with the same words painted across her bare chest. She was removed from the polling station by security and arrested on a count of disorderly conduct. The protester was later expelled from the country and sentenced by the court to three months of prison with the sentence being suspended for a one-year probation period. Some commentators speculated that the Femen protester's actions may have contributed to Zeman's re-election, and theories also circulated that the protest was organized by Zeman's campaign team, which the protester denied.
Miloà ¡ Zeman and Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ qualified for the second round, with 38.57% and 26.60% of the vote respectively. Drahoà ¡ won the most votes in Prague, Prague-West and Prague-East Districts, and from voters abroad. Zeman won the most votes in all other districts of the country.
Drahoà ¡ was endorsed by defeated candidates Pavel Fischer, Marek Hilà ¡er, Michal HoráÃÂek, Vratislav Kulhánek and Mirek Topolánek. Zeman was endorsed by Petr Hannig. Jià ÂàHynek said he would publish his endorsement one day before the second round, after the two remaining candidates had answered a questionnaire he would send them. Zeman agreed to participate in debates for the second round. Drahoà ¡ received endorsements from the Civic Democratic Party and TOP 09. Drahoà ¡ was considered the slight front-runner in the second round. Zeman "changed his tone" and emphasized his centrist credentials during the last stretch of the election campaign.
Drahoà ¡ launched his second round campaign on 16 January 2018. He visited his hometown Jablunkov and was welcomed by his supporters at the Town Hall. Drahoà ¡ received a Golden Apple from the mayor of the town and then attended an ice hockey match in Tà Âinec. He was booed by ice hockey fans during the match. Pavel Fischer, Michal HoráÃÂek and Marek Hilà ¡er decided to participate in Drahoà ¡' campaign.
The Friends of Miloà ¡ Zeman Association published an anti-Drahoà ¡ advertisement linking him with support for immigration. Drahoà ¡ stated that he did not support immigration and opposed migrant quotas. Zeman himself said that he considered the advertisement useless and believed that it would hurt him and not Drahoà ¡. On the other hand, he defended his supporters and repeated the connection of Drahoà ¡ with immigration.
Zeman appeared in a broadcast on TV Nova on 21 January 2018. He said he would prefer a government of ANO supported by the Social Democrats and the Communist Party. He also stated that he would be less arrogant during his second term. Drahoà ¡ on the other hand held meetings with his supporters in Brno and Ostrava.
On 15 January, Zeman suggested that he and Drahoà ¡ should participate in four debates. Drahoà ¡ said that he would participate in only two debates, to spend his time focusing on a personal campaign in regions where he had received fewer votes.
The candidates eventually faced each other in two head-to-head debates. The first was broadcast on Prima TV on 23 January. The debate was very aggressive and influenced by the loud audience. Zeman was described as more energetic, while Drahoà ¡ was said to be faint and visibly nervous. Experts expressed the opinion that Zeman had dominated the debate and appeared as the victor. Drahoà ¡ improved his performance during the Czech Television debate on 25 January. The debate was calmer and Drahoà ¡ was considered to be less uncertain than during the previous debate. The second debate was considered a tie by most commentators. Several experts rated Drahoà ¡'s performance on Czech TV as weaker than Zeman's. The media lecturer from the Metropolitan University suggested that Drahoà ¡ had lost the debate in the opening minutes, while the political scientist from the CEVRO Institute was the only expert who considered Drahoà ¡ to be the winner of the debate.
Voting was held on 26 and 27 January 2018. Zeman emerged victorious with 51.37% of the vote to Drahoà ¡'s 48.63%, with a turnout of 66.60%, the highest since the 1998 legislative election.
No candidate may spend more than 40,000,000 CZK. Candidates who advance to the second round can spend 50,000,000 CZK (around US$2,300,000).
The first debate was held on 8 November 2017 at Charles University, and included Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡, Michal HoráÃÂek, Marek Hilà ¡er, Jià ÂàHynek, Pavel Fischer, Petr Hannig and Mirek Topolánek. Miloà ¡ Zeman refused to participate and instead went to meet with citizens in the Olomouc region. Topolánek called for defense of the Schengen border. Drahoà ¡ stated that he wanted respect for the rules. The moderator mentioned Drahoà ¡'s attack against Topolánek, to which Topolánek stated that "it was either written by a woman or a PR Mage. I forgave the Professor, whether I ever took it seriously." The audience was allowed to vote for who they liked the most. Drahoà ¡ and Hilà ¡er received the most votes. According to Hospodáà Âské noviny, Topolánek and Hilà ¡er came across as the most civil candidates.
Seznam News held a presidential debate on 13 November 2017. Topolánek, Drahoà ¡, HoráÃÂek, Fischer, Hilà ¡er and Kulhánek participated. Topolánek was considered the winner of the debate. Another debate was held in Liberec on 16 November 2017.
Opinion polls from 2014 showed Miloà ¡ Zeman leading in the first round with between 20% and 48% of the vote. Michal HoráÃÂek became his main rival during 2016 but was overtaken by Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡ during 2017. Drahoà ¡ was leading polls for the second round with a 10% lead in September 2017. The margin narrowed during October and November and Drahoà ¡' lead fluctuated between 0.5% and 4%. Some polls in late January 2018 showed Zeman with a narrow lead.
Zeman said that a narrow victory pleases the most people, and that he respected all people who vote. Zeman confirmed that his second term would be the end of his political career, as the election was "his last political victory that won't be followed by any political defeat." Drahoà ¡ conceded defeat and congratulated Zeman. He stated that he would not be leaving politics, telling supporters: "We didn't win but we didn't lose. I want to use the huge amount of energy that shouldn't disappear".
Prime Minister Andrej Babià ¡ congratulated Zeman and said that he had believed that the campaign based on attacks against him could not succeed. Leader of the opposition Petr Fiala also congratulated Zeman, and expressed hope that Zeman would serve the interests of the Czech Republic. The leader of Pirate Party, Ivan Bartoà ¡, stated that he was pleased about the strong support for Jià ÂàDrahoà ¡. SPD leader Tomio Okamura and acting Social Democrat leader Milan Chovanec celebrated the results with Zeman at his election headquarters. Okamura expressed joy at the result, and Chovanec stated that he was glad that Zeman won. Communist Party leader VojtÃÂch Filip described Zeman's victory as an assurance of stability. KDUâÂÂÃÂSL leader Pavel BÃÂlobrádek expressed hope that Zeman would unify the divided society. Miroslav Kalousek expressed dissatisfaction with the result and stated that the Czech Republic had wasted an opportunity for change. Zeman was also personally congratulated by his predecessor Václav Klaus. Klaus stated that he was glad about the result but afraid that Drahoà ¡' supporters would not accept it. Zeman thanked Klaus for his support and invited him for a drink.
By the end of February 2018, the Supreme Administrative Court rejected all of about 70 complaints concerning the regularity of elections, ruling that there were no serious mistakes or violations of the election law that could have influenced the outcome of the election. Some of the rejected complaints were then submitted to the Constitutional court, which rejected the last complaint in June 2018, thus confirming the result.
According to a poll conducted by Median, 54.2% of Czech people were satisfied with the result, and 37.5% were dissatisfied.
Observers compared the presidential race to previous elections such as the 2016 Austrian, 2016 United States and 2017 French presidential elections, which saw a liberal internationalist running against a national populist. Though both sides seemed to have roughly equal support among Czech voters, the national populism was represented by clearer ideology and strong leaders, while the liberal message was fragmented and the candidates did not have common themes or language, apart from agreeing on the need for an "anti-Zeman" candidate.
According to analysts, important factors in Zeman's victory were his strong debate performances and the closeness of the first round results, the latter helping mobilize his base. Drahoà ¡ was estimated to have lost about a quarter of his voters as a result of the televised debates. Analysts also pointed out that the support for Zeman came from districts with high levels of poverty, and also from regions dominated by traditional industries, agriculture and the construction industry, while regions dominated by IT services and public administration supported Drahoà ¡. Zeman's strident opposition to immigration also worked in his favor, though his major opponents Drahoà ¡ and HoráÃÂek also voiced opposition to immigration and the EU's migrant quotas, while all but one candidate criticised illegal immigration to Europe.
Analysts as well as politicians saw the close election results as an illustration of the deep divisions present in Czech society.