The 2015 Upper Austrian state election was held on 27 September 2015 to elect the members of the Landtag of Upper Austria.
The election saw major losses for the Austrian People's Party (ÃÂVP) and Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÃÂ), the traditional major parties of Austrian politics. This was matched by huge gains for the right-wing populist Freedom Party of Austria (FPÃÂ), which doubled its vote share to 30% and overtook the SPàto become the second largest party. The Greens also made small gains, while the liberal NEOS â The New Austria (NEOS) failed to enter the Landtag on its first attempt, taking 3.5%.
The Upper Austrian constitution mandates that cabinet positions in the state government (state councillors, ) be allocated between parties proportionally in accordance with the share of votes won by each; this is known as Proporz. As such, the government is a perpetual coalition of all parties that qualify for at least one state councillor. Despite this, parties still establish formal coalitions to organise cabinet positions and ensure a Landtag majority for legislative purposes.
In the 2009 state election, the ÃÂVP consolidated its lead over the SPÃÂ, which suffered a huge loss of 13.4 percentage points. Meanwhile, the ÃÂVP came up one seat short of an absolute majority. The FPÃÂ also made substantial gains (6.9 points) and moved into third place ahead of the Greens. The ÃÂVP won five councillors, the SPÃÂ two, the FPÃÂ one, and the Greens one. The ÃÂVP formed a coalition with the Greens.
The 56 seats of the Landtag of Upper Austria are elected via open list proportional representation in a two-step process. The seats are distributed between five multi-member constituencies. For parties to receive any representation in the Landtag, they must either win at least one seat in a constituency directly, or clear a 4 percent state-wide electoral threshold. Seats are distributed in constituencies according to the Hare quota, with any remaining seats allocated using the D'Hondt method at the state level, to ensure overall proportionality between a party's vote share and its share of seats.
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag.
In addition to the parties already represented in the Landtag, three parties collected enough signatures to be placed on the ballot.
The result was a major breakthrough for the FPÃÂ, not least of all because the party captured three state councillors. This put pressure on the ÃÂVP, which no longer held a majority in the state government. They declared they were not willing to form a coalition which would only have a one-seat majority in the state government, essentially ruling out any coalition with either the SPàor Greens alone. The Greens pushed for a three-party coalition with the ÃÂVP and SPÃÂ, but Pühringer instead sought an agreement with the FPÃÂ. This was ultimately successful, though Pühringer distanced himself from the FPÃÂ, describing the situation as a "working agreement" rather than a coalition, stating that both parties were given great freedom to operate independently. The coalition was condemned by SPàfederal Chancellor Werner Faymann, but supported by ÃÂVP Vice Chancellor Reinhold Mitterlehner. The new government took office on 23 October.