The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama were held on Tuesday, November 6, 2012, to elect the seven U.S. representatives from the state, one from each of the state's seven congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other federal and state offices, including a quadrennial presidential election. Primary elections were held on March 13, 2012; runoff elections were held on April 24.
A redistricting bill was passed by the Alabama House of Representatives and Senate on June 2, 2011, and signed into law by Governor Robert Bentley on June 8. To comply with the 1965 Voting Rights Act, the map received approval from the U.S. Department of Justice or a federal court before it could be enacted; the Department of Justice approved the map on November 21, 2011.
The table below shows the total number and percentage of votes, as well as the number of seats gained and lost by each political party in the election for the United States House of Representatives in Alabama.
The redrawn 1st district remains based in Mobile and continues to include the entirety of the state's coast. Republican Jo Bonner, who had represented the 1st district since 2003, sought re-election.
No Democrats qualified to seek the nomination.
Clint Moser, who had planned to run against Bonner as an independent, did not do so.
Bonner easily won re-election on November 6, 2012.
The redrawn 2nd district is based in the suburbs of Montgomery and covers the southeast of the state. Republican Martha Roby, who had represented the 2nd district since January 2011, sought re-election in 2012.
The redrawn 3rd district is more favorable to Republicans than its previous incarnation. Republican Mike Rogers, who had represented the 3rd district since 2003, sought re-election.
The northern part of Tuscaloosa County was added to the 4th district during redistricting, while most of Blount County was removed. Republican Robert Aderholt, who had represented the 4th district since 1997, sought re-election.
Lawrence and Colbert counties were moved from the 4th district to the 5th district during redistricting. Republican Mo Brooks, who had represented the 5th district since January 2011, sought re-election.
The redrawn 6th district is centered around the suburbs of Birmingham. Republican Spencer Bachus, who had represented Alabama's 6th congressional district since 1993, sought re-election.
The redrawn 7th district, located on the state's western border, is 64% African American and was made even more favorable to Democrats in the 2010 redistricting. Incumbent Terri Sewell, who had represented the 7th district since January 2011, sought re-election.
Sewell won the general election, remaining the only Democrat in Alabama's Congressional delegation. This was the last time until 2022 that Republicans contested Alabama's 7th congressional district.