The year marked the start of a series of protests and revolutions throughout the Arab world advocating for democracy, reform, and economic recovery, later leading to the depositions of world leaders in Tunisia, Egypt, and Yemen, and in some cases sparking civil wars such as the Syrian civil war and the first Libyan civil war, the latter gave way to the second Libyan civil war.
U.S. Navy SEALs killed al-Qaeda leader and terrorist Osama bin Laden in his compound in Pakistan on May 2. The Curiosity rover, which was to land on Mars in August of the following year, launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26. In December, North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, who had been the supreme leader of North Korea since the death of his father Kim Il Sung in 1994, died while traveling by train to a place outside Pyongyang. He was succeeded by his son Kim Jong Un.
2011 was designated as:
In 2011, the nation of Samoa only had 364 days as it moved across the International Date Line skipping December 30, 2011; it is now 24 hours ahead of American Samoa.
Events
January
- January 1
- Estonia officially adopts the Euro currency and becomes the 17th Eurozone country.
- A bomb explodes as Coptic Christians in Alexandria, Egypt leave a new year service, killing 23 people.
- Flight 348 with 134 occupants, operated by Metrojet, catches fire while taxiing out for take-off. Three people are killed and 43 are injured, four critically, from smoke inhalation or burns.
- January 4 – Tunisian street vendor Mohamed Bouazizi dies after setting himself on fire a month earlier, sparking anti-government protests in Tunisia and later other Arab nations. These protests become known collectively as the Arab Spring.
- January 5 – Internet vigilante group Anonymous launches DoS attacks on Syrian, Tunisian, Bahraini, Egyptian, Libyan, and Jordanian government websites in response to the Arab Spring protests.
- January 7 â A Bangladeshi teenage girl Felani Khatun, was shot dead by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF) on the Anantapur border area under Phulbari upazila in Kurigram. Her body was hanging from the fence for four and half hours. Global human rights organizations, including the media, became protesters.
- January 9 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Orumiyeh in the northeast of the country, killing 78 people.
- January 14 – The Tunisian government falls after a month of increasingly violent protests; President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali flees to Saudi Arabia after 23 years in power.
- January 15 – The result of the South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011 is in favour of independence, paving the way for the creation of the new state in July.
- January 24 – 37 people are killed and more than 180 others are wounded in a bombing at Domodedovo International Airport in Moscow, Russia.
- January 25 – The 2011 Egyptian revolution begins.
- January 27 â Within Ursa Minor, H1504+65, a white dwarf with the hottest known surface temperature in the universe at 200,000 K, was documented.
- January 28 â Friday of anger (Egyptian revolution of 2011). Protestors clash with security forces which resulted in over 600 protestors estimated dead and several police stations were raided.
February
- February 10 - Manx2 Flight 7100, a Fairchild Metro III, crashes on its third attempt at landing at Cork airport, Ireland from Belfast. Six of the twelve passengers and crew are killed.
- February 11 – Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak resigns after widespread protests calling for his departure, leaving control of Egypt in the hands of the military, until a general election can be held.
- February 14 – The Day of Rage in Bahrain begins, which marks the first day of the 2011 Bahraini uprising.
- February 15 – The First Libyan Civil War starts.
- February 19âÂÂApril 2 â The 2011 Cricket World Cup is held in India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka with India defeating Sri Lanka in the final.
- February 22–March 14 – Uncertainty over Libyan oil output causes crude oil prices to rise 20% over a two-week period following the Arab Spring, causing the 2011 energy crisis.
- February 22 – A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes Christchurch, in what becomes New Zealand's third-deadliest natural disaster. 185 people are killed, many ESL students within the CTV Building, and the city centre and 10,000 homes are destroyed. Many foreign search and rescue workers respond to the event.
- February 26 – The Nintendo 3DS has its first release in Japan, following later releases in Europe on March 25, North America on March 27, and Australia on March 31.
March
- March 5 – Egyptian protestors storm the State Security headquarters in the Nasr City district of Cairo.
- March 6 – Civil uprising phase of the Syrian Civil War is triggered when 15 youths in Daraa are arrested for scrawling graffiti on their school wall denouncing the regime of President Bashar al-Assad.
- March 11 – A 9.1-magnitude earthquake and subsequent tsunami hit the east of Japan, killing 19,759 people and leaving another 2,553 missing. Tsunami warnings are issued in 50 countries and territories. Emergencies are declared at four nuclear power plants affected by the quake. As a result of the March 11 earthquake and tsunami, multiple plants at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were damaged, several workers injured, and contaminants were released into the environment.
- March 15
- EgyptâÂÂs Ministry of Interior dissolves the widely feared and hated State Security Investigations Service accused of human rights abuses and announced the establishment of the new National Security Agency will replace it and take over its internal security duties.
- Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, King of Bahrain, declares a three-month state of emergency as troops from the Gulf Co-operation Council are sent to quell the civil unrest.
- Protests breakout across Syria demanding democratic reforms, resignation of President Bashar al-Assad, and release of those imprisoned for the March 6 Daraa protest. The government responds by killing hundreds of protesters and laying siege to various cities, beginning the Syrian Civil War, which lasts until AssadâÂÂs overthrow in 2024.
- March 17 – The United Nations Security Council votes 10–0 to create a no-fly zone over Libya in response to allegations of government aggression against civilians.
- March 19 – In light of continuing attacks on Libyan rebels by forces in support of leader Muammar Gaddafi, military intervention authorized under UNSCR 1973 begins as French fighter jets make reconnaissance flights over Libya.
April
May
- May 1 – U.S. President Barack Obama announces that Osama bin Laden, the founder and leader of the militant group Al-Qaeda, was killed on May 2, 2011 (PKT, UTC+05) during an American military operation in Pakistan.
- May 10âÂÂ14 â The Eurovision Song Contest 2011 takes place in Düsseldorf, Germany, and is won by Azeri entrants Ell & Nikki with the song "Running Scared".
- May 11 â A 5.1 earthquake strikes southern Spain, killing 9 people and injuring over 400.
- May 16 – The European Union agrees to a â¬78 billion rescue deal for Portugal. The bailout loan will be equally split between the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stability Facility, and the International Monetary Fund.
- May 18 â Porto beats Braga 1âÂÂ0 in the 2011 UEFA Europa League final at the Aviva Stadium.
- May 21 – GrÃÂmsvötn, Iceland's most active volcano, erupts and causes disruption to air travel in Northwestern Europe.
- May 22 – The 2011 Joplin tornado, an EF5 tornado, strikes Joplin, Missouri, killing 158 people and injuring 1,150.
- May 24 – The 2011 El RenoâÂÂPiedmont tornado, an EF5 tornado, strikes El Reno and Piedmont, Oklahoma, killing 9 people and injuring 181.
- May 26 – Former Bosnian Serb Army commander Ratko MladiÃÂ, wanted for genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity, is arrested in Serbia.
- May 28 â Barcelona beats Manchester United 3âÂÂ1 in the 2011 UEFA Champions League final at the Wembley Stadium.
June
July
- July 6 – The International Olympic Committee awards Pyeongchang the right to host the 2018 Winter Olympics.
- July 9 – South Sudan secedes from Sudan, per the result of the independence referendum held in January.
- July 12 – The planet Neptune completes its first orbit since it was discovered in 1846.
- July 14 – South Sudan joins the United Nations as the 193rd member.
- July 14–23 â Two frontal systems enter south-central Chile causing great snowfalls that leaves thousand of people isolated.
- July 20
- Goran HadÃ
¾iàis detained in Serbia, becoming the last of 161 people indicted by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.
- The United Nations declares a famine in southern Somalia, the first in over 30 years.
- July 21 – Space Shuttle Atlantis lands successfully at Kennedy Space Center after completing STS-135, concluding NASA's Space Shuttle program.
- July 22 – In Norway, Anders Behring Breivik kills 8 people in a bomb blast which targeted government buildings in central Oslo, then kills 69 at a massacre at a Workers' Youth League camp on the island of Utøya.
- July 23 – Wenzhou train collision; 2 high speed trains in Wenzhou, China collided on a viaduct, sending multiple cars off the viaduct and crushing some. 40 people are killed and 192 people are injured.
- July 31 – In Thailand over 12.8 million people are affected by severe flooding. The World Bank estimates damages at 1,440 billion baht (US$45 billion). Some areas are still six feet under water, and many factory areas remain closed at the end of the year. 815 people are killed, with 58 of the country's 77 provinces affected.
August
September
October
- October 4 – The death toll from the flooding of Cambodia's Mekong river and attendant flash floods reaches 207.
- October 18
- Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange: Israel and the Palestinian militant organization Hamas begin a major prisoner exchange, in which the captured Israeli Army soldier Gilad Shalit is released by Hamas in exchange for 1,027 Palestinian and Israeli-Arab prisoners held in Israel, including 280 prisoners serving life sentences for planning and perpetrating terror attacks.
- Dozens of exotic animals were released from their enclosures at the Muskingum County Animal Farm in Zanesville, Ohio resulting in the need of local law enforcement to hunt and kill 48 animals including 18 tigers, 6 black bears, 2 grizzly bears, 2 wolves, 1 macaque monkey, 1 baboon, 3 mountain lions and 17 African lions.
- October 20
- Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi is killed in Sirte, with National Transitional Council forces taking control of the city and ending the war.
- Basque separatist militant organisation ETA declares an end to its 43-year campaign of political violence, which has killed over 800 people since 1968.
- October 23 – A magnitude 7.2 M<sub>w</sub> earthquake jolts eastern Turkey near the city of Van, killing over 600 people and damaging about 2,200 buildings.
- October 27 – After an emergency meeting in Brussels, the European Union announces an agreement to deal with the Euro area crisis which includes a writedown of 50% of Greek bonds, a recapitalisation of European banks and an increase of the bailout fund of the European Financial Stability Facility totaling to â¬1 trillion.
- October 29
- A large snowstorm produced unusual amounts of early snowfall across the northeastern United States and the Canadian Maritimes, leaving 1.7 million people without power and disrupting travel.
- Michael D. Higgins is elected President of Ireland.
- October 31
- Date selected by the UN as the symbolic date when global population reached seven billion.
- UNESCO admits Palestine as a member, following a vote which 107 member states support and 14 oppose.
November
December
Full date unknown
Births and deaths
Nobel Prizes
New English words
See also
References