The 2008 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 4, 2008, to elect members to the United States House of Representatives to serve in the 111th United States Congress from January 3, 2009, until January 3, 2011. It coincided with the election of Barack Obama as president. All 435 voting seats, as well as all 6 non-voting seats, were up for election. The Democratic Party, which won a majority of seats in the 2006 election, expanded its control in 2008.
The Republican Party, hoping to regain the majority it lost in the 2006 election or at least expand its congressional membership, lost additional seats. With one exception (Louisiana's 2nd district), the only seats to switch from Democratic to Republican had been Republican-held prior to the 2006 elections. Republicans gained five Democratic seats total, while losing 26 of their own, giving the Democrats a net gain of 21 seats, effectively erasing all gains made by the GOP since 1994. In addition, with the defeat of Republican congressman Chris Shays in Connecticut's 4th district, this became the first time since the 1850s that no Republican represented the New England region.
The 10.6% popular vote advantage by the Democrats was the largest by either party since 1982, 26 years earlier, and as of 2024 remains the most recent time that either party won by a double-digit margin in the overall popular vote for the House of Representatives. Turnout increased due to the concurrent presidential election.
, this remains the last election in which Democrats won House seats in Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota; and the last election in which Democrats won a majority of seats in Arkansas, Indiana, Mississippi, Ohio, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It is also the last time Republicans won the Delaware seat.
Thirty-three incumbents voluntarily retired.
All seven seats held by retiring Democrats were won by Democrats.
Twenty-seven Republicans retired. Thirteen of their seats were then won by Democrats (see Open seat gains, below).
One Republican lost in a primary and the seat was eventually won by a Democrat. One Democrat lost the primary as did two Republicans. The three primary winners, however, managed to retain the seat for the same party.
Fourteen Republicans and five Democrats lost their general elections, thereby losing their seats to the other party.
Twelve seats (and one delegate's seat) held by retiring Republicans were won by Democrats. No Democratic retirements were picked up by Republicans.
Fifty-two races were decided by 10% or lower.
The thirteen special elections to the 110th United States Congress are listed below by election date.
In 2008 there were eight special elections for vacant seats in the United States House of Representatives, for the 110th United States Congress. In the special elections, Democrats gained three seats while keeping hold of five seats. Republicans held only one of their four seats.
|- ! | Dennis Hastert | | 1986 | | Incumbent resigned November 26, 2007.<br />New member elected March 8, 2008.<br />Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Julia Carson | | 1996 | | Incumbent died December 17, 2007.<br />New member elected March 11, 2008.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Tom Lantos | | 1980 | | Incumbent died February 11, 2008.<br />New member elected April 8, 2008.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Bobby Jindal | | 2004 | | Incumbent resigned January 14, 2008, to become Governor of Louisiana.<br />New member elected May 3, 2008.<br />Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Richard Baker | | 1986 | | Incumbent resigned February 2, 2008, to become Director of the Managed Funds Association.<br />New member elected May 3, 2008.<br />Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Roger Wicker | | 1994 | | Incumbent resigned December 31, 2007, after being appointed to the U.S. Senate.<br />New member elected May 13, 2008.<br />Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Albert Wynn | | 1992 | | Incumbent resigned May 31, 2008, after losing renomination.<br />New member elected June 17, 2008.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Stephanie Tubbs Jones | | 1998 | | Incumbent died August 20, 2008.<br />New member elected November 18, 2008.<br />Democratic hold. | nowrap |
See Non-voting delegates, below.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Note: In Louisiana's 2nd and 4th districts, primary runoffs were held November 4, 2008 and the general election for both of these races were held December 6, 2008.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
See Non-voting delegates, below.
|- ! | Eni Faleomavaega | | 1988 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Eleanor Holmes Norton | | 1990 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | Madeleine Bordallo | | 2002 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | New seat | | New seat.<br/>New delegate elected.<br />Independent gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Luis Fortuño | | New Progressive/<br/>Republican | 2004 | | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Puerto Rico.<br/>New resident commissioner elected.<br />New Progressive hold.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Donna Christian-Christensen | | 1996 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |