The 2006 season was Hull Kingston Rovers ninth consecutive season playing in England's second tier of rugby league. During the season, they competed in the 2006 National League Cup, the 2006 National League One season, and the 2006 Challenge Cup.
2006 was Hull Kingston Rovers' first season in which they fielded a squad of fully professional players, funded by sponsorships from companies such as Lloyds TSB. The club's victory in the National League One final against Widnes Vikings resulted in their promotion to the Super League, marking Hull Kingston Rovers' return to top-flight rugby league for the first time in 20 years.
Hull Kingston Rovers, defending champions of the 2005 cup, were drawn into Group 6 of the 2006 National League Cup: