The 1982 Railway Cup Hurling Championship was the 56th staging of the Railway Cup since its establishment by the Gaelic Athletic Association in 1927. The cup began on 14 February 1982 and ended on 17 March 1982.
Munster were the defending champions, however, they were beaten by Connacht in the semi-final.
On 17 March 1982, Connacht won the cup after a 3-08 to 2-09 defeat of Leinster in the final at O'Connor Park. This was their third Railway Cup title overall and their first title since 1980.