There were five special elections in 1981 to the United States House of Representatives:
Elections are listed by date and district.
|- ! | David Stockman | | Republican | 1976 | | Incumbent resigned January 27, 1981, to become Director of the Office of Management and Budget.<br/>New member elected April 21, 1981.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Gladys Spellman | | Democratic | 1974 | | Incapacitated since last Congress and seat declared vacant February 24, 1981.<br/>New member elected May 19, 1981.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Tennyson Guyer | | Republican | 1972 | | Incumbent died April 12, 1981.<br/>New member elected June 25, 1981.<br/> Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Jon Hinson | | Republican | 1978 | | Incumbent resigned April 13, 1981.<br/>New member elected July 7, 1981.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Raymond Lederer | | Democratic | 1976 | | Incumbent resigned April 29, 1981, before a planned expulsion vote, having been convicted of bribery in the Abscam sting operation.<br/>New member elected July 21, 1981.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |