There were four Special elections in 1971 to the United States House of Representatives:
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.<br/>Delegate's seat was re-established during previous congress.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Incumbent L. Mendel Rivers (D) died during previous congress.<br/>New member elected April 27, 1971.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Rogers Morton | | 1962 | | Incumbent resigned January 29, 1971, after being appointed U.S. Secretary of the Interior.<br/>New member elected May 25, 1971.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Robert J. Corbett | | 1938<br/>1940 <small>(lost)</small><br/>1944 | | Incumbent died April 25, 1971.<br/>New member elected November 2, 1971.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | John C. Watts | | | | Incumbent died September 24, 1971.<br/>New member elected December 4, 1971.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |