Parliamentary elections were held in Burundi on 18 September 1961 to elect all 64 members of the National Assembly and a government to lead the country following its independence from Belgium in 1962. With 75% voter turnout, the elections resulted in a victory for the Union for National Progress (UPRONA) led by Louis Rwagasore, which received over 80% of the vote and won 58 seats. Rwagasore became prime minister in the new government, but he was assassinated two weeks after the elections.