The 1956 United States Senate election in Maryland was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Republican U.S. Senator John Marshall Butler was re-elected to a second term in office, defeating Democratic businessman George P. Mahoney.
, this was the last time Maryland voted simultaneously for a Republican presidential candidate and a Republican senate candidate. This was the first time ever that Maryland re-elected a Republican Senator.
After winning the primary, Tydings was forced to withdraw from the race due to ill health. Mahoney replaced him on the general election ticket.