The 1956 Maine gubernatorial election took place on September 10, 1956. Incumbent Democratic Governor Edmund Muskie was seeking re-election, and faced off against Republican Willis A. Trafton Jr. in the general election. Extremely popular, Muskie was able to easily win re-election, carrying every county in the state bar the Republican strongholds of Hancock and Lincoln.
Muskie was unopposed in the Democratic primary.