Elections to elect the First Punjab Legislative Assembly were held on 26 March 1952. 842 candidates contested for the 105 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 21 two-member constituencies and 84 single-member constituencies.
<section begin=Results /> !colspan=10| |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;" ! colspan=2 | Political party !! Flag !! Seats <br /> Contested !! Won !! % of <br /> Seats !! Votes !! Vote % |- style="background: #90EE90;" | | style="text-align:left;" |Indian National Congress | | 121 || 96 || 76.19 || 18,30,601 || 36.69 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Shiromani Akali Dal | | 48 || 13 || 10.32 || 6,20,455 || 12.44 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Zamindar Party | | 31 || 2 || 1.59 || 3,72,126 || 7.46 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Communist Party of India | | 26 || 4 || 3.17 || 1,93,974 || 3.89 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Forward Bloc (Marxist Group) | | 19 || 1 || 0.79 || 69,694 || 1.40 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Lal Communist Party Hind Union | | 9 || 1 || 0.79 || 57,739 || 1.16 |- | | | 446 || 9 || 7.14 || 11,92,896 || 23.91 |- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan = 3| Total seats ! 126 !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 86,23,498 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! 49,89,077 (57.85%) <section end=Results />
On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Patiala & East Punjab States Union was merged with Punjab. Thus the assembly constituencies were increased from 105 with 126 seats in 1952 to 121 with 154 seats in 1957 elections.