Elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Indian state of Madhya Bharat were held on 26 March 1952. 440 candidates contested for the 79 constituencies in the Assembly. There were 20 two-member constituencies and 59 single-member constituencies. The Indian National Congress won a majority of seats and Mishrilal Gangwal became the new Chief Minister.
<section begin=Results /> !colspan=8| |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;" ! class="unsortable" | ! Political party !! Flag !! Seats <br /> Contested !! Won !! % of <br /> Seats !! Votes !! Vote % |- style="background: #90EE90;" | | style="text-align:left;" |Indian National Congress | | 99 || 75 || 75.76 || 9,38,918 || 47.24 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Socialist Party | | 59 || 4 || 4.04 || 1,45,845 || 7.34 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Bharatiya Jana Sangh | | 42 || 4 || 4.04 || 1,93,627 || 9.74 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | | 39 || 2 || 2.02 || 1,43,132 || 7.20 |- | | style="text-align:left;" |Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha | | 33 || 11 || 11.11 || 2,36,824 || 11.92 |- | | | 131 || 3 || 3.03 || 2,58,157 || 12.99 |- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan = 3| Total seats ! 99 !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 57,23,673 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! 19,87,410 (34.72%) <section end=Results />
On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, All districts of Madhya Bharat, except the Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district, was merged into Madhya Pradesh. The Sunel enclave of the Mandsaur district was merged in Rajasthan.