There were five special elections to the United States House of Representatives in 1949, during the 81st United States Congress.
|- ! | John J. Delaney | | Democratic | 1918 | | Incumbent died November 18, 1948, during previous congress.<br/>New member elected February 15, 1949.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Sol Bloom | | Democratic | 1923 | | Incumbent died March 7, 1949.<br/>New member elected May 17, 1949.<br/>Liberal gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Robert L. Coffey | | Democratic | 1948 | | Incumbent died April 20, 1949.<br/>New member elected September 13, 1949.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Richard J. Welch | | Republican | 1926 | | Incumbent died September 10, 1949.<br/>New member elected November 8, 1949.<br/>Democratic gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Andrew L. Somers | | Democratic | 1924 | | Incumbent died April 6, 1949.<br/>New member elected November 8, 1949.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |