National Assembly elections were held in areas controlled by the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 6 January 1946. They resulted in a victory for the communist-dominated Viet Minh. Purportedly, communists won 182 of the 302 seats. Official documents indicate that 333 representatives were elected, plus 70 appointed representatives (50 from and 20 from ) under a pre-election agreement.
The ballot was not secret and ballot papers were filled out in the presence of aides who were "to help comrades who had difficulty in making out their ballots." The election was tightly controlled by the communists and was not genuinely democratic. Communist partisans and Viet Minh members were instructed to run for seats without disclosing their affiliations. Their goal was to fill the National Assembly with loyal Party supporters.
On 8 September 1945, six days after the proclamation of independence, Ho Chi Minh signed decree 14 on the National Assembly elections. On 17 October he signed decree 15 detailing the regulations for the elections; turnout was required to be at least 25% to validate the results, all citizens over the age of 18 had the right to vote, and those over 21 could stand as candidates. On 11 November, as an effort to alleviate the fears of a Communist takeover, the Indochinese Communist Party announced its dissolution. However, it remained de facto in existence and in control of the Viet Minh.
The elections were opposed by the French colonial authorities and their supporters, and were marked by bombings and "misinformation".
According to Ho Chi Minh, voter turnout was approximately 82%. Other sources put turnout at 89%. Ho Chi Minh received the highest vote share (98.4%) of any candidate.