General elections were held in the Netherlands on 11 June 1909, with a second round in some constituencies on 23 June. The General League of Roman Catholic Electoral Associations emerged as the largest party, winning 25 of the 100 seats in the House of Representatives.
The 100 seats in the House of Representatives were elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system.
Several candidates ran in multiple districts. When they won in more than one seat they picked which seat to take. As a result, several by-elections took place shortly after the general election.