The 1906 Campeonato Carioca, the first edition of that championship, kicked off on 3 May 1906, and ended on 28 October 1906. It was organized by LMF (Liga Metropolitana de Football, or Metropolitan Football League). Six teams participated. Fluminense won the title for the 1st time. No teams were relegated.
The tournament would be disputed in a double round-robin format, with the team with the most points winning the title. The last-placed team would dispute a playoff against the champion of the second level.