There were eight special elections in 1891 in the United States House of Representatives to the 52nd United States Congress.
|- ! | Francis B. Spinola | | Democratic | 1886 | | Incumbent died April 14, 1891.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Melbourne H. Ford | | Democratic | 1886 | | Incumbent died April 20, 1891.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Leonidas C. Houk | | Republican | 1878 | | Incumbent died May 25, 1891.<br/>New member elected November 21, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | John R. Gamble | | Republican | 1890 | | Incumbent died August 14, 1891.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Leslie W. Russell | | Democratic | 1890 | | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1891 when elected judge of the New York Supreme Court.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Roswell P. Flower | | Democratic | 1881 <small>(special)</small><br/>1882 <small>(retired)</small><br/>1888 | | Incumbent resigned September 16, 1891 to run for Governor of New York.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | David A. Boody | | Democratic | 1890 | | Incumbent resigned October 13, 1891, to run for Mayor of Brooklyn.<br/>New member elected November 3, 1891 and seated December 7, 1891.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | W. H. F. Lee | | Democratic | 1886 | | Incumbent died October 15, 1891.<br/>New member elected December 9, 1891 and seated December 23, 1891.<br/>Democratic hold. | nowrap |