The 1794âÂÂ95 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 25, 1794 (New Hampshire), and September 5, 1795 (Kentucky). Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 4th United States Congress convened on December 7, 1795. They were held during President George Washington's second term. Elections were held for all 105 seats, representing 15 states.
In the first election for the House of Representatives with organized political parties, the Democratic-Republican Party, which opposed the incumbent Washington Administration, defeated the pro-administration Federalist Party. The outgoing speaker, Frederick Muhlenberg, had supported the pro-administration forces during his first two terms, but was elected by a coalition made up mainly of anti-administration members in 1793, and by 1795 he was seen as more favorable to the Democratic-Republicans. Despite the Democratic-Republican majority, however, Muhlenberg was not re-elected, and was succeeded by Federalist Jonathan Dayton.
During this period, each state fixed its own date for a congressional general election. Elections took place both in the even-numbered year before and in the odd-numbered year when a Congress convened. In some states, the congressional delegation was not elected until after the legal start of the Congress (on the 4th day of March in the odd-numbered year).
There were special and late elections to the 3rd and 4th Congresses in 1794 and 1795.
|- ! | John Francis Mercer | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794.<br />New member elected May 5, 1794.<br />Anti-Administration hold.<br />Successor also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
|- ! | Alexander Gillon | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent died October 6, 1794.<br />New member elected October 13âÂÂ14, 1794.<br />Pro-Administration gain.<br />Successor also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
|- ! | Uriah Forrest | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent resigned November 8, 1794.<br />New member elected December 8, 1794 and seated in January 1795.<br />Pro-Administration hold.<br />Successor was not elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
|- ! | Abraham Clark | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent died September 15, 1794.<br />New member elected January 11, 1795 and seated January 29, 1795.<br />Pro-Administration hold.<br />Successor had already been elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Barnwell | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1794 | | Incumbent representative-elect declined to serve.<br />New member elected January 19âÂÂ20, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.<br />Anti-Administration gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Jonathan Trumbull Jr. | | Federalist | 1788 | | Incumbent Representative-elect declined to serve when elected U.S. Senator.<br />New member elected April 13, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.<br />Federalist hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | Alexander Mebane | | Democratic-<br/>Republican | 1793 | | Incumbent died July 5, 1795.<br />New member elected August 14, 1795 and seated December 7, 1795.<br />Democratic-Republican hold. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=7 | <br /> | James Hillhouse | | Pro-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | rowspan=7 nowrap |
|- | Amasa Learned | | Pro-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent retired.
|- | Joshua Coit | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
|- | Jonathan Trumbull Jr. | | Pro-Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.
|- | Jeremiah Wadsworth | | Pro-Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent retired.
|- | Zephaniah Swift | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
|- | Uriah Tracy | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
Only two candidates are recorded for Delaware's congressional election in 1794, suggesting that the voting procedure in place for the first three Congresses for two candidates had been changed.
|- ! | Henry Latimer | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=2 | <br /> | Abraham Baldwin | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | Thomas P. Carnes | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.
|- ! <br /> | Christopher Greenup | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Christopher Greenup (Democratic-Republican)
|- ! <br /> | Alexander D. Orr | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Alexander D. Orr (Democratic-Republican)
|- ! | George Dent | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Francis Mercer | | Anti-Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent resigned April 13, 1794.<br />Successor also elected to finish the term. | nowrap |
|- ! | Uriah Forrest | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent retired. | nowrap | Jeremiah Crabb (Federalist) 100%
|- ! | Thomas Sprigg | | Anti-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Samuel Smith | | Anti-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Samuel Smith (Democratic-Republican)
|- ! | Gabriel Christie | | Anti-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | William Hindman | | Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | William V. Murray | | Pro-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap | William V. Murray (Federalist) 100%
Massachusetts redistricted between the 3rd and 4th Congress, dividing itself into 14 districts. The -s were in the District of Maine (the modern State of Maine). A majority was required for election. Additional ballots were required in five districts due to the majority requirement not being met on the first ballot.
|- ! <br /> | Theodore Sedgwick<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | William Lyman | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Federalist gain. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Dwight Foster<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Peleg Coffin Jr.<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Federalist gain. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | David Cobb<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Fisher Ames<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Samuel Dexter<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain.<br />Election unsuccessfully challenged. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=2 | <br /> | Benjamin Goodhue<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | Samuel Holten<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Federalist loss.
|- ! <br /> | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Federalist gain. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Henry Dearborn<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | Peleg Wadsworth<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! <br /> | George Thatcher<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
Under New Hampshire's electoral laws, a majority of voters (12.5% of votes) was required for election. Only three candidates achieved a majority, and so a run-off election was held for the fourth seat.
|- ! rowspan=4 | <br /> | Jeremiah Smith | | Pro-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap rowspan=4 | First ballot <br />
|- | John S. Sherburne | |Anti-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.
|- | Nicholas Gilman | | Pro-Administration | 1788/89 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
|- | Paine Wingate | |Pro-Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.
|- ! rowspan=5 | <br /> | Elias Boudinot | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent retired. | rowspan=5 nowrap |
|- | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Abraham Clark (Pro-Admin.) died September 15, 1794. |- | Jonathan Dayton | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist.
|- | Lambert Cadwalader | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1789<br />1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.
|- | John Beatty | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.
New York's districts were not numbered at the time, but were later numbered retroactively.
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Incumbent moved to the .<br />New member elected. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Watts | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Philip Van Cortlandt | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Peter Van Gaasbeck | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Theodorus Bailey | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Ezekiel Gilbert | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=2 | | John E. Van Alen | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | Thomas Tredwell<br /> | | Anti-Administration | 1791 <small>(special)</small> | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican loss.
|- ! | Henry Glen | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | James Gordon | | Pro-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent retired.<br />Federalist hold. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | Vacant | | Incumbent Silas Talbot (Pro-Admin.) resigned to accept an appointment to the Navy. | nowrap |
|- ! | Joseph McDowell | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! | Matthew Locke | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Matthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Joseph Winston | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! | Alexander Mebane | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Nathaniel Macon | | Anti-Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Nathaniel Macon (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | James Gillespie | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | William B. Grove | | Pro-Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap | William B. Grove (Federalist) 100%
|- ! | William J. Dawson | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! | Thomas Blount | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Benjamin Williams | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election as a Federalist. | nowrap |
Pennsylvania once again divided itself into districts instead of electing representatives at-large, as it had for the 3rd Congress. The state divided intself into 12 districts, one of which (the ) had two seats. Pennsylvania would continue to use one or more plural districts until 1842.
|- ! | Thomas Fitzsimons<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | Frederick Muhlenberg<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Federalist gain. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=2 | <br /> | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Federalist gain. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | Peter Muhlenberg<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1788<br />1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />James Morris unsuccessfully disputed the election.
|- ! | Daniel Hiester<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | John W. Kittera<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | Thomas Hartley<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! rowspan=2 | | Andrew Gregg<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | William Irvine<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican loss.
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New seat.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | William Findley<br /> | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Thomas Scott<br /> | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1788<br />1792 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! <br/>Seat A | Benjamin Bourne | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! <br/>Seat B | Francis Malbone | | Pro-<br/>Administration | 1792 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
Electoral data are only available for the 1st and 5th district of South Carolina's 6 districts at the time of the elections of 1794.
|- ! | William L. Smith | | Pro-Administration | 1788 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | Winner declined to serve.<br/>A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy; see above. | nowrap | Robert Barnwell (Federalist)
|- ! | Lemuel Benton | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Lemuel Benton (Democratic-Republican)
|- ! | Richard Winn | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Richard Winn (Democratic-Republican)
|- ! rowspan=2 | | Alexander Gillon | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent died October 6, 1794.<br />Federalist gain.<br />Successor also elected to finish the term; see above. | rowspan=2 nowrap |
|- | John Hunter<br/> | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Anti-Administration loss.
|- ! | Andrew Pickens | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. | nowrap | Samuel Earle (Democratic-Republican)
Representative-elect Barnwell of the declined to serve. A special election was held to fill the resulting vacancy, electing Wade Hampton (Democratic-Republican).
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont law required a majority for election to Congress, with a second election to be held if the first did not return a majority. Run-off elections were required in both districts.
|- ! <br /> | Israel Smith | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican.<br />The election was contested but eventually upheld. | nowrap | Second ballot
|- ! <br /> | Nathaniel Niles | | Anti-<br/>Administration | 1791 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Federalist gain. | nowrap | Second ballot
|- ! | Robert Rutherford | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Andrew Moore | | Anti-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Andrew Moore (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Joseph Neville | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent lost re-election. | nowrap |
|- ! | Francis Preston | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | George Hancock | | Pro-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap | George Hancock (Federalist) 100%
|- ! | Isaac Coles | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Abraham B. Venable | | Anti-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | Thomas Claiborne | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap |
|- ! | William B. Giles | | Anti-Administration | 1790 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Carter B. Harrison | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Carter B. Harrison (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Josiah Parker | | Pro-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Federalist. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Page | | Anti-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | John Page (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Samuel Griffin | | Pro-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic-Republican gain.<br />The loser unsuccessfully contested the election. | nowrap |
|- ! | Francis Walker | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent retired. | nowrap | Samuel J. Cabell (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | James Madison | | Anti-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | James Madison (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Anthony New | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | Anthony New (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | Richard Bland Lee | | Pro-Administration | 1789 | | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic-Republican gain. | nowrap |
|- ! | John Nicholas | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | John Nicholas (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | John Heath | | Anti-Administration | 1793 | | Incumbent re-elected as a Democratic-Republican. | nowrap | John Heath (Democratic-Republican) 100%
|- ! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | New delegate elected by the territorial legislature and seated September 3, 1794 as Congress's first non-voting delegate.<br />Successor also elected to the next term; see below. | nowrap |
|- ! | James White | Non-partisan | 1794 | Incumbent delegate re-elected by the territorial legislature. | nowrap |