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1782 in science
The year
1782 in
science
and
technology
included many events, some of which are listed here.
Aviation
December 14 â The
Montgolfier brothers
first test fly a
hot air balloon
; it floats nearly .
Biology
Jesuit
abbot
Juan Ignacio Molina
publishes
Saggio sulla Storia Naturale del Chili
in Spain, the first account of the natural history of his native
Chile
, describing many species to science for the first time (e.g.,
Araucaria araucana
).
Chemistry
Telluride mineral
s are first discovered in a gold mine in
Kleinschlatten
,
Transylvania
(modern-day Zlatna,
Romania
) by
Austrian
mineralogist
Franz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein
.
Winter 1782âÂÂ83 âÂÂ
Antoine Lavoisier
and
Pierre-Simon Laplace
begin to use the world's first ice
calorimeter
to determine the
heat
evolved in various
chemical change
s (calculations based on
Joseph Black
's prior discovery of
latent heat
), marking the foundation of
thermochemistry
.
Medicine
May â First patient admitted to
Montrose Lunatic Asylum
, the first such institution to be founded in
Scotland
, largely due to
Susan Carnegie
of Charleton.
September âÂÂ
Nottingham General Hospital
opens to patients in England.
Physics
Jean-Paul Marat
publishes
Recherches physiques sur l'électricité
(
Research into the Physics of Electricity
)
Giordano Riccati
publishes experiments determining what will later be known as
Young's modulus
.
Technology
John Arnold
patent
s his improvements in the construction of
marine chronometer
s in
Britain
.
Institutions
Princess
Yekaterina Vorontsova-Dashkova
is appointed Director of the
Imperial Academy of Arts and Sciences
in
Saint Petersburg
.
Awards
Copley Medal
:
Richard Kirwan
Births
April 7 –
Marie-Anne Libert
, Belgian botanist (died
1865
)
June 3 âÂÂ
Charles Waterton
,
English
naturalist
and explorer (died
1865
)
June 16 âÂÂ
Olry Terquem
,
French
Jewish
geometer
(died
1862
)
Deaths
January 18 â Sir
John Pringle
,
Scottish
-born
physician
(born
1707
)
March 17 âÂÂ
Daniel Bernoulli
,
Dutch
-
Swiss
mathematician
(born
1700
)
April 15 âÂÂ
Elisabeth Christina von Linné
, Swedish botanist (born
1743
)
May 6 âÂÂ
Christine Kirch
, German astronomer (born
1696
)
May 16 âÂÂ
Daniel Solander
,
Swedish
-born
botanist
(born
1733
)
May 20 âÂÂ
William Emerson
, English mathematician (born
1701
)
References