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1758 in science
The year
1758 in
science
and
technology
involved some significant events.
Astronomy
December 25 âÂÂ
Halley's Comet
is sighted by
Johann Georg Palitzsch
, confirming
Edmund Halley
's
1705
prediction of its periodicity.
Chemistry
John Champion
patent
s a process for
calcining
zinc sulphide
into an
oxide
usable in the
retort
process.
Medicine
French midwife
Angélique du Coudray
demonstrates the first
obstetric
mannequin.
Scottish
physician
Francis Home
makes the first attempt to deliver a
measles vaccine
.
Physics
RuÃÂer Boà ¡koviÃÂ
publishes his
atomic theory
in
Philosophiæ naturalis theoria redacta ad unicam legem virium in natura existentium
("Theory of natural philosophy reduced to one law of the forces existing in nature").
John Dolland
presents his "Account of some experiments concerning the different refrangibility of light" (
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
(London)) describing the discovery of a means of constructing
doublet
achromatic lens
es by the combination of
crown
and
flint glass
es, reducing
chromatic aberration
.
Zoology
January 1 â Swedish biologist
Carl Linnaeus
(Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (
Animalia
) of the
10th edition of
Systema Naturae
, the starting point of modern
zoological nomenclature
, introducing
binomial nomenclature
for animals to his established system of
Linnaean taxonomy
. Among the first examples of his system of identifying an organism by genus and then species, Linnaeus identifies the
lamprey
with the name
Petromyzon marinus
. He introduces the term
Homo sapiens
. (Date of January 1 assigned retrospectively.)
Awards
Copley Medal
:
John Dollond
Births
January 20 âÂÂ
Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze
,
French
chemist
(died
1836
)
March 9 âÂÂ
Franz Joseph Gall
,
German
-born
neuroanatomist
(died
1828
)
March 14 âÂÂ
Franz Bauer
,
Moravia
n-born botanical illustrator (died
1840
)
June 29 âÂÂ
Clotilde Tambroni
,
Italian
philologist
and linguist (died
1817
)
July 31 â , Swiss naturalist (died
1834
)
October 11 âÂÂ
Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers
,
German
astronomer
(died
1840
)
Deaths
January 18 âÂÂ
François Nicole
, French
mathematician
(born
1683
)
April 22 âÂÂ
Antoine de Jussieu
, French
naturalist
(born
1686
)
August 15 âÂÂ
Pierre Bouguer
, French mathematician (born
1698
)
September 5 (
NS
) âÂÂ
Dmitry Ivanovich Vinogradov
,
Russia
n chemist (born c.
1720
)
October âÂÂ
Elizabeth Blackwell
,
British
botanical illustrator (born
1707
)
References