1390s in England

Events from the 1390s in England.

Incumbents

• Monarch – Richard II (to 30 September 1399), then Henry IV

Events

• 1390
• Parliament passes a statute forbidding retainers to wear livery whilst off-duty.
• Statute of Provisors prohibits clergy from accepting benefices from the Pope.
• September – the future King Henry IV of England supports the Teutonic Knights at the siege of Vilnius in the Lithuanian Civil War.
• John Gower's poem Confessio Amantis is completed.
• 1391
• Parliament re-asserts royal prerogatives.
• 1392
• King Richard II retakes control of London.
• Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester created Lieutenant of Ireland but forbidden to actually travel there.
• Penistone Grammar School, which will in the late 20th century become one of the first community comprehensive schools in England, is founded near Barnsley.
• 1393
• Hundred Years' War: Peace negotiations between England and France at Calais.
• Rebellion in northern England protesting at peace negotiations with France is quickly suppressed.
• Statute of Praemunire makes it an offence to promote Papal bulls or excommunications.
• The hammerbeam roof of Westminster Hall is commissioned from royal carpenter Hugh Herland.
• Approximate date – Julian of Norwich begins to write Revelations of Divine Love about her sixteen mystical visions.
• 1394
• 2 October – King Richard leads an expedition to Ireland to enforce his rule there.
• 25 December – Richard defines the borders of English rule in Ireland; later to become known as the English Pale.
• First scholars enter Winchester College.
• 1395
• 15 May – Richard leaves Ireland, having achieved his objectives.
• Lollard manifesto The Twelve Conclusions of the Lollards attached to the doors of St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey.
• 1396
• 9 March – Hundred Years' War: 28-year truce signed with France.
• 25 September – Thomas Arundel succeeds William Courtenay as Archbishop of Canterbury.
• 31 October – marriage of the widowed Richard II of England (29) and 6-year-old Isabella of Valois, the daughter of Charles VI of France.
• 1397
• 10 February – John Beaufort becomes Earl of Somerset.
• 6 June – Richard Whittington is nominated as Lord Mayor of London for the first time.
• 12 July – Richard II attempts to reassert authority over his kingdom by arresting members of the group of powerful barons known as the Lords Appellant.
• September – Parliament condemns the Lords Appellant, impeaching Duke of Gloucester, Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel (who is executed), and Thomas de Beauchamp, 12th Earl of Warwick (who is imprisoned).
• 29 September – John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon is created Duke of Exeter by his half-brother Richard II. Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent, John's nephew, is created Duke of Surrey.
• 8 November – Roger Walden enthroned as Archbishop of Canterbury after Thomas Arundel is banished from the realm by King Richard II.
• 1398
• 27 January – Parliament meets at Shrewsbury and annuls the acts of the 1388 Parliament.
• 16 September – King Richard stops a duel between his cousin, Henry of Bolingbroke, and Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk.
• October – King Richard II exiles both Henry Bolingbroke and the Duke of Norfolk for ten years in order to end their feud.
• Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire by Thomas Holland, 1st Duke of Surrey.

• 1399
• 3 February – death of John of Gaunt, uncle of King Richard II and father of Henry Bolingbroke.
• 18 March – Richard II cancels the legal documents allowing the exiled Henry Bolingbroke to inherit his father's land.
• 23 April – Saint George's Day in England is first officially celebrated as a holiday.
• 29 May – Richard travels to Ireland to suppress a rebellion.
• 4 July – Henry Bolingbroke, with exiled former archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Arundel as an advisor, returns to England and begins a military campaign to reclaim his confiscated land.
• 19 August – having returned from Ireland, Richard is taken prisoner by Henry's followers at Conway Castle.
• 29 September – abdication of Richard II, the second time for an English monarch.
• 30 September – Parliament accepts Henry Bolingbroke as the new king, the first since the Norman Conquest whose mother tongue is English rather than French.
• 13 October – coronation of Henry IV of England.
• 21 October – Thomas Arundel is restored as Archbishop of Canterbury, replacing Roger Walden.
• First definite record of beer (rather than ale) being brewed in England, at Great Yarmouth by Peter Woutersone, a "Ducheman".

Births

• 1390
• 3 October – Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447)
• 27 December – Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the throne (died 1411)
• John Dunstaple, composer (died 1453)
• 1391
• 6 November – Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, politician (died 1425)
• Thomas West, 2nd Baron West (died 1415)
• 1392
• 3 February – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (died 1455)
• 3 August – John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk (born at Calais; died 1432)
• 12 or 31 August – William Bonville, 1st Baron Bonville (executed 1461)
• 1394
• Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk (died 1415)
• 1395
• 18 March – John Holland, 2nd Duke of Exeter, military leader (died 1447)
• 7 September – Reginald West, 6th Baron De La Warr, politician (died 1427)
• 1396
• 16 October – William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk (died 1450)
• John de Ros, 7th Baron de Ros (died 1421)
• 1398
• Approximate date
• James Tuchet, 5th Baron Audley (killed 1459)
• William Waynflete, born William Patten, Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (died 1486)
• 1399
• Approximate date – William Canynge, merchant (died 1474)

Deaths

• 1390
• 14 August – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, soldier (born 1364)
• 1392
• John Arderne, surgeon (born 1307)
• 1393
• 22 February – John Devereux, 1st Baron Devereux (year of birth unknown)
• 6 August – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (born 1365)
• 1394
• 17 March – John Hawkwood, mercenary (born 1320)
• 4 June – Mary de Bohun, wife of Henry IV (born c. 1369)
• 7 June – Anne of Bohemia, queen of Richard II (plague) (born 1366)
• 1396
• 31 July – William Courtenay, Archbishop of Canterbury (born c. 1342)
• 29 November – Robert Ferrers, 2nd Baron Ferrers of Wem (born 1373)
• John Beaumont, 4th Baron Beaumont, Constable of Dover Castle (born 1361)
• 1397
• 25 April – Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent (born c. 1350)
• 3 June – William de Montacute, 2nd Earl of Salisbury, military leader (born 1328)
• 15 September – Adam Easton, Catholic Cardinal (year of birth unknown)
• 21 September – Richard FitzAlan, 11th Earl of Arundel, military leader (executed) (born 1346)
• 1398
• 20 July – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (born 1374)
• 1399
• 3 February – John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (born 1340)
• 24 March – Margaret Plantagenet, Duchess of Norfolk (born c. 1320)
• 29 July – William le Scrope, 1st Earl of Wiltshire (executed) (born 1350)
• 22 September – Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, politician (born 1366)

References