Year 1277 (MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
Events
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By place
Byzantine Empire
- March 19 – ByzantineâÂÂVenetian Treaty: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos concludes an agreement with the Republic of Venice. Stipulating a two-year truce, and renewing Venetian commercial privileges in the Byzantine Empire. Michael keeps the Venetians and their fleet from participating in the attempts of Charles I, king of Sicily, to organize an anti-Byzantine crusade, while the Venetians can retain their access to the Byzantine market.
- Summer – Uprising of Ivaylo: An uprising under Ivaylo breaks out in northeastern Bulgaria against the failure of Emperor Konstantin Tih to cope with the constant Mongol invasions which have devastated the country for years. Ivaylo confronts and defeats the plundering Mongols, and by autumn all Mongols are driven out of Bulgarian territory. In return, Konstantin gathers a small army and tries unsuccessfully to suppress the revolt but is himself killed in battle.
- Late – Battle of Pharsalus: Michael VIII sends a Byzantine expeditionary army under John Synadenos to invade Thessaly. The Byzantines are ambushed and defeated by Greek forces under John I Doukas, Latin ruler of Thessaly, near (Old) Pharsalus. During the battle, Synadenos is captured and Michael Kaballarios, commander of the Latin mercenaries, dies shortly afterward of his wounds.
Europe
- January 21 – Battle of Desio: Lombard forces under Archbishop Ottone Visconti defeat the Della Torre family troops for the rule of Milan. Later, Ottone enters the city in triumph, and imprisons Napoleone della Torre in the Castello Baradello at Como (Northern Italy).
- February – The Duke of WrocÃ
Âaw Henry IV Probus is kidnapped from his estates in Jelcz, and moved to Legnica by BolesÃ
Âaw II the Bald.
- March – Siger of Brabant, Dutch teacher and philosopher, is condemned by the French Inquisition for his advocacy of the Averroist doctrine that reason is separate from Christian faith.
- March 18 – Charles I, king of Sicily, buys the title to the Kingdom of Jerusalem from Maria of Antioch, for 1,000 bezants and an annual payment of 4,000 livres tournois.
- May 12 – Mehmet I of Karaman, Seljuk vizier, issues a firman (decree) ordering the Turkish language to be used, instead of Arabic or Persian in government offices.
- August – Marinid forces led by Sultan Abu Yusuf cross the Strait of Gibraltar and marches north, ravaging the districts of Jerez de la Frontera, Seville and Córdoba.
Britain
Levant
Asia
By topic
Religion
Births
- January 7 – Kanzan Egen, Japanese monk (d. 1360)
- January 21 – Galeazzo I Visconti, Italian nobleman (d. 1328)
- March 26 – Christina Ebner, German mystic (d. 1356)
- April 17 – Michael IX Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1320)
- Akamatsu Norimura, Japanese governor (shugo) (d. 1350)
- Bernard V, German bishop (House of Lippe) d. 1341)
- George I Ã
 ubiàof Bribir, Croatian nobleman (d. 1302)
- Gerhard IV, German nobleman and knight (d. 1323)
- Ingeborg Magnusdotter Swedish princess, queen consort of Denmark (d. 1319)
- Isabella of Mar, Scottish noblewoman, wife of Robert the Bruce (d. 1296)
- Martha of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (d. 1341)
- MeihÃ
 Sotetsu, Japanese Zen Buddhist monk (d. 1350)
- Smbat I Hetumian (or Sempad), king of Cilician Armenia (d. 1310)
- Wei Yilin, Chinese physician and surgeon (d. 1347)
Deaths
- January/March – Philip of Sicily, king of Sardinia (House of Anjou)
- January 12 – Philippe de Toucy, French nobleman
- January 17 – Chen Wenlong, Chinese general (b. 1232)
- February 14 – Ulrich von Güttingen, German abbot
- February – Simone Paltanieri, Italian archpriest and cardinal
- April – Joachim Gutkeled, Hungarian nobleman and knight
- May 1 – Stefan UroÃ
¡ I ("the Great"'), king of Serbia
- May 14 – Nicholas I of Werle, German nobleman
- May 20 – John XXI, pope of the Catholic Church
- June 20 (or May 1279) – Shams al-Din Mehmed of Karaman, Seljuk nobleman and vizier
- July 1 – Baibars (or Abu al-Futuh), Mamluk sultan
- July 14 – Humbert of Romans, French friar and writer
- August 2 – Mu'in al-Din Parwana, Seljuk statesman
- September 29 – Balian of Arsuf, Cypriot nobleman
- October 17 – Beatrice of Falkenburg, German queen consort
- October 26 – Mastino I della Scala, Italian nobleman
- October 27 – Walter de Merton, bishop of Rochester
- December 21 – Al-Nawawi, Seljuk scholar (b. 1233)
- December 13 – John I, German nobleman (b. 1242)
- Konstantin Tih, Bulgarian nobleman and ruler, killed in revolt
- Folke Johansson ÃÂngel ("Angelus"'), Swedish archbishop
- Frederick II, German nobleman (House of Isenburg)
- Frederick of Castile, Spanish prince (infante), executed (b. 1223)
- Guo Kan, Chinese general and politician (b. 1217)
- Jacopo da Leona, Italian secretary, jurist and poet
- Licoricia of Winchester, English Jewish businesswoman, murdered
- Madog II ap Gruffydd, Lord of Dinas Bran, Welsh prince and nobleman, killed in battle
- Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Hafsid sultan and writer
- Muhaqqiq al-Hilli, Persian scholar, poet and writer
- Paolo Navigajoso, Venetian nobleman (megadux), ruler of Lemnos, killed in battle
- Savakanmaindan, Malayan ruler of Tambralinga
- Squarcino Borri (or Scarsini), Italian condottiero
- Ulrich of Strasburg, German monk and theologian
- William of Saliceto, Italian scholar and surgeon
References