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Section 123 Agreement

Section 123 of the United States Atomic Energy Act of 1954, titled "Cooperation With Other Nations", establishes an agreement for cooperation as a prerequisite for nuclear deals between the US and any other nation. Such an agreement is called a 123 Agreement. To date, the U.S. has entered into roughly twenty-six 123 Agreements with 52 countries.

Agreement Countries

Countries with which the U.S. has a Section 123 Agreement as of 2025 include:

Current

  • (with re-processing rights, requiring approval per each request)
  • Euratom (with automatic re-processing rights)
  • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
  • (With advance consent to reprocessing), exempt from certain safeguards by Indo-U.S. civilian nuclear agreement.
  • (with automatic re-processing rights)
  • via the American Institute in Taiwan
  • (1974–2014, 2025–2065)

Former

  • : September 17, 1981 - June 24, 2012
  • : December 4, 1997 - December 4, 2022

Proposed

  • (Never signed, superseded by Euratom agreement once Romania joined the EU)

References

External links

123 Agreement With India

123 Agreement With UAE