The 10th Minnesota Legislature first convened on January 7, 1868. The 11 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented even-numbered districts were chosen in the general election of November 6, 1866, while the 11 members of the Minnesota Senate who represented odd-numbered districts, and the 47 members of the Minnesota House of Representatives, were chosen in the general election of November 5, 1867.
The legislature met in a regular session from January 7, 1868 to March 6, 1868. There were no special sessions of the 10th Minnesota Legislature.