Events from the 1090s in England.
Incumbents
Events
- 1090
- After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern Normandy.
- 1091
- 2 February â William II invades western Normandy with a large army. His brothers, Henry and Robert Curthose, mobilise mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at Mont-Saint-Michel. Under terms of the Treaty of Caen, estates on the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August.
- July â Malcolm III of Scotland invades England reaching as far south as Durham. The Normans led by William and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is obliged to accept the terms of the Treaty of Abernethy (1072) and pays homage to William.
- 17 October â London tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in London, which destroys London Bridge and badly damages St Mary-le-Bow church.
- 1092
- May â William II annexes Cumbria from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde and builds Carlisle Castle.
- 9 May â Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated.
- 18 October â Walcher of Malvern correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipse.
- 1093
- 6 March â Frankish monk, philosopher and theologian Anselm is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury; he is consecrated on 4 December.
- 8 April â the new Winchester Cathedral, constructed by Bishop Walkelin, becomes operational.
- 11 August â construction of Durham Cathedral begins.
- 13 November â King Malcolm III of Scotland is killed at the Battle of Alnwick during an attempted invasion of England.
- Durham Priory re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne.
- Normans continue their occupation of southern Wales, constructing Pembroke Castle.
- 1094
- February â William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture and the overlordship of Church lands.
- 19 March â William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy.
- Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle.
- 1095
- January â Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, rebels. William II besieges his stronghold of Bamburgh Castle which is surrendered by Robert's wife after he has been captured.
- 25 February â a council at Rockingham is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so.
- May â Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm.
- 1096
- Teaching at what will become the University of Oxford is recorded.
- King William II takes control of the Duchy of Normandy while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First Crusade.
- Construction of Norwich Cathedral begun. Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich, establishes a Benedictine priory at Norwich and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal grammar school, Norwich School.
- 1097
- October â Edgar ÃÂtheling overthrows Donald III of Scotland and places his nephew Edgar on the Scottish throne.
- 8 November â Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II.
- Construction of Westminster Hall.
- 1098
- June or July â in the Battle of Anglesey Sound, a fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, King of Norway, reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of north Wales.
- 1099
- 11 November â flooding around North Sea and Mount's Bay, Cornwall.
Births
Deaths
- 1091
- Approximate date â Robert D'Oyly, Norman nobleman and landowner
- 1092
- 7 May â Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln
- 1094
- 21 November â Simeon, Abbot of Ely (born c. 994)
- 1095
- 19 January â Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester (born 1008)
- 26 June â Robert the Lotharingian, Bishop of Hereford
- 1096
- 2 January â William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II
- 1097
- January/February â Odo of Bayeux, Earl of Kent (born c. 1030s in Normandy; died on First Crusade)
- c. 1097/8 â Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St Edmunds and royal doctor
- 1098
- 3 January â Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester
- 1099
- 3 December â Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor
References