1,10-Decanediol is an organic compound diol with the chemical formula . It is a white solid with limited solubility in water. The molecular configuration of 1,10-decanediol is described as having a zigzag conformation.
It is traditionally synthesized by reduction of diesters of sebacic acid, which are readily obtained from natural sources. One method is the Bouveault-Blanc reduction.
Other more specialized reagents have been used such as sodium borohydride/cerium(III) chloride. The electrochemical reduction of diethyl sebacate in liquid ammonia can yield 1,10-decanediol.
Other sebacic acid precursor have been used such as diethyl dithiosebacate with tetrabutylammonium borohydride and sebacic acid itself and diisopropyltitanium(III) borohydride.
The bromination of 1,10-decanediol yields 1,10-dibromodecane, whereas the reaction with thionyl chloride results in the formation of 1,10-dichlorodecane. The reaction involving 1,10-decanediol, iodine, and ammonia results in the formation of sebaconitrile.
Pyrolysis of poly(1,10-decylenecarbonate), the polycarbonate derived from 1,10-decanediol, gives 9-decenol as described by the following idealized equation:
1,10-Decanediol, along with its isomers 1,9-decanediol and 1,2-decanediol, functions as an inhibitor of soil nitrification. This inhibition can mitigate nitrogen loss from soil and prevent the environmental issues associated with nitrification in agricultural settings. Furthermore, these diols exhibit a significant inhibitory effect on nitrite-forming microorganisms, even at low concentrations.